Voicy初の公式英語ニュースチャンネル「Voicy News Brief with articles from New York Times」。チャンネルでは、バイリンガルパーソナリティがThe New York Timesの記事を英語で２つ読み、記事の中に出てくる単語を日本語で解説しています。
Voicy Journalでは、毎週金曜日にその週に読んだ記事を、まとめて紹介します！１週間の終わりに、その週の放送をもう１度聞いて復習するのも良いかもしれません。VoicyのPCページやアプリでは、再生速度も変えられるので、自分の理解度に応じて、調整してみましょう。
6/8(月)の放送
Huge Crowds Around the Globe March in Solidarity Against Police Brutality
著者：Damien Cave, Livia Albeck-Ripka and Iliana Magra
(c) 2020 The New York Times Company
SYDNEY — They were warned by Prime Minister Scott Morrison of Australia against attending Black Lives Matter marches Saturday because of the coronavirus risk, but tens of thousands would not be deterred.
The health minister in Britain pleaded with residents not to gather for similar demonstrations in cities like London, Manchester and Birmingham to stop the virus’ spread. But throngs showed up anyway — despite the cold weather, the spitting rain and warnings by police that mass gatherings would violate the rule that only six people from different households could gather outside during the pandemic.
From Paris to Berlin — as in demonstrations this past week in Japan, Sweden and Zimbabwe — people around the world once again turned out in solidarity with American protesters calling for justice in the death of an African American man, George Floyd, at the hands of police in Minneapolis.
They showed up in circumstances that made it almost impossible to adhere to social distancing regulations. Tens of thousands flowed to Parliament Square in London on Saturday afternoon, shouting anti-racist slogans and carrying signs paying homage to Floyd, 46, who died after a white police officer held his knee to Floyd’s neck in Minneapolis on May 25.
Though most people were wearing masks, their collective chants could be heard loud and clear: “George Floyd,” “Black Lives Matter,” “No justice, no peace,” they said. Footage showed hundreds streaming toward the U.S. Embassy on foot and by car, hooting and honking horns.
Silence fell among the crowds for about one minute when the protesters all took a knee on the wet ground, and many raised their fists in the air.
The world has been transfixed by the unrest in the U.S. amid video footage of brutal clashes between police and protesters, along with episodes of looting and destruction — though many cities held peaceful marches and vigils in Floyd’s memory. The global demonstrations, continuing for a week now, were inspired by the demonstrations in the U.S. to call for an end to racism and police brutality in their own countries.
In Paris, authorities barred people from gathering in front of the U.S. Embassy, but thousands protested there anyway in the late afternoon, as well as near the Eiffel Tower.
throngs 群衆、人だかり
pay homage to… …に敬意を表する
collective 集合的な
stream toward… …に向かって(行く)
transfixed 立ちすくませる、その場にくぎ付けにする
vigil 徹夜、夜通し起きていること
Eiffel Tower エッフェル塔
How to Navigate Your Community Reopening? Remember the Four C’s
著者：Roni Caryn Rabin
(c) 2020 The New York Times Company
When the country was largely under lockdown, at least the rules were mostly clear. Essential workers ventured out; everyone else sheltered in.
Now states are lifting restrictions, but detailed guidance about navigating the minutiae of everyday life is still hard to come by. However, there is scientific consensus about a general approach that can reduce the spread of the virus as the world around you reopens. Try to follow three precautions: avoid contact, confinement and crowds. And make realistic choices.
Contact
You need to continue with social distancing precautions. That means wearing masks, washing hands well and often, and keeping a distance of at least 6 feet from one another.
The virus is spread most efficiently from person to person, but the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nonetheless recommends frequent cleaning of high-touch objects and surfaces like tables, doorknobs and phones.
Confinement
Indoor activities in confined enclosed spaces, even large ones, are more conducive to spreading the virus than events held outside, especially if the air inside the building is being recirculated or the windows don’t open.
In recent guidance to businesses that are reopening, the CDC told employers they must make sure ventilation systems are working properly and take steps to maximize the circulation of outdoor air by opening windows and doors and using fans.
Crowds
Large groups are risky no matter where they are gathered. Even outdoors, crowds mean more people, more contacts — and more potential sources of infection. Preventing infection is a numbers game, where less is more.
The CDC ranks dining options from lowest- to highest-risk situations. The lowest risk is a drive-thru, delivery, takeout or curbside pickup of food. Restaurants with the highest risk have indoor and outdoor seating with no additional spacing between tables.
Choices
Every individual must make a personal decision about the level of risk he or she is comfortable with, weighing their own age and health status, life circumstances and general level of risk aversion or tolerance.
People at high risk for developing severe disease if they become infected will want to take the greatest of precautions. That group includes those 65 and older; residents of nursing homes and long-term care facilities; and people with compromised immune systems, with chronic lung or kidney disease or heart conditions, or who are obese.
But young, healthy adults and children should also consider the protection of people around them.
venture (out) 危険を冒して行く
Nothing ventured, nothing gained. 虎穴に入らずんば虎子を得ず
the minutiae ささいな点
be conducive to… …を助長する
aversion 嫌悪
be averse to something …を嫌う
compromised 易感染性（いかんせんせい）の
chronic 慢性の
6/9(火)の放送
Floyd Protests Add New Front Line for Coronavirus Doctors
著者：Emma Goldberg
(c) 2020 The New York Times Company
Outside medical centers across the country, doctors and other health care workers have been stopping work in recent days for 8 minutes and 46 seconds to join in protesting the death of George Floyd, who was pinned down by a police officer in Minneapolis for that amount of time before his death.
Many say they view the deaths of black people at the hands of police as a public health issue. But they also express worries that large gatherings will cause a second wave of COVID-19 cases, and they are balancing their involvement with calls for protesters and police officers to adhere to public health guidelines.
For some black physicians, the protests, like the pandemic, are a reminder of the unequal health risks that black Americans face.Black Americans comprise 13% of the population but 24% of deaths from COVID-19.
Dr. Oluyemi Omotoso, an emergency medicine resident at Lincoln Medical Center in the Bronx, led a solidarity event Thursday in which roughly 100 workers at Lincoln Medical Center gathered for a moment of silence and speeches. But he simultaneously worries that the protests will cause a spike in coronavirus infections.
“The second wave might come sooner than anticipated given what’s happening,” Omotoso said.
Some public health experts have also warned that the use of tear gas at protests and other police crowd tactics could increase the risk of coronavirus transmission.
“Arresting peaceful protesters and putting them in paddy wagons increases the risk of transmission,” said Dr. Dara Kass, an emergency room doctor in New York who has spent recent weeks advising patients and colleagues on how to protest safely and joined a solidarity event at NewYork-Presbyterian. “There’s also no reason to use chemical inhalants that cause people to cough.”
Some physicians have used their involvement in the demonstrations to promote social distancing and ensure that protesters are wearing appropriate protective equipment. Dr. Madison Edens, an emergency medicine resident, said she brought masks to hand out at a protest in Union Square at the end of May and another gathering for health care workers in Times Square on Tuesday.
adhere to ~ 〜にくっつく、(考え、計画などを)守る
Stick to the plan! 計画どおりにいけ！
comprise 構成する
[語源：com(一緒に)+prise(つかむ)]
[親戚：re(再び)+prise(つかむ)＝取り戻す] solidarity 結束、団結、連帯
[親戚：solid(固体、密)]
simultaneously 同時に
[親戚：similar(似ている) ]
cause a spike 急激に増加させる
anticipated 予想する、予期する
[語源：ant(先に)+capere(つかむ）]
chemical inhalants 化学的な吸入剤
Someone Found the Treasure That an Art Dealer Buried in the Rocky Mountains
著者：Johnny Diaz
(c) 2020 The New York Times Company
After 10 years, a chase for hidden treasure in the Rocky Mountains has come to an end.
Forrest Fenn, a New Mexico art collector who created the treasure hunt, announced this weekend that someone had found the bronze chest that he had buried in the mountains, filled with gold nuggets, coins, sapphires, diamonds and pre-Columbian artifacts that together he estimated were worth $2 million.
“It was under a canopy of stars in the lush, forested vegetation of the Rocky Mountains and had not moved from the spot where I hid it more than 10 years ago,” Fenn, 89, said on his website.
He did not elaborate on the exact location.
“I do not know the person who found it, but the poem in my book led him to the precise spot,” said Fenn, who lives in Santa Fe.
A man who did not want to be named found the chest a few days ago, Fenn told a local newspaper, The Santa Fe New Mexican. Fenn said that the chest’s discovery was confirmed through a photograph the man had sent him. He had previously told the newspaper that the bronze chest alone weighed 20 pounds, and its contents another 22.
Fenn, a former Air Force fighter pilot who runs a gallery in Santa Fe, hatched the idea for the hunt decades ago, after he learned he had kidney cancer. He had planned to have his remains interred with the riches, but when he recovered from the disease, he buried the box to give families a reason to “get off their couches,” he said in 2016.
He announced the quest to the world in a self-published 2010 memoir, “The Thrill of the Chase,” and provided clues to the location in a poem.
He said that the treasure was hidden in the Rockies and 5,000 feet above sea level, hints that have sometimes led hunters into dangerous and remote stretches of wilderness.
At least two people have died trying to follow his clues.
On his website this weekend, Fenn commended all the thrill seekers who had tried to find the chest over the years.
“I congratulate the thousands of people who participated in the search and hope they will continue to be drawn by the promise of other discoveries,” he said.
canopy 天蓋
[語源: フランス語でcanape(ソファ)]
[親戚: オードブルの「カナッぺ」→ 具がソファに座るようにクラッカーに乗っているから]
lush 青々と茂った
[語源: 古フランス語で「ゆるい」]
植物が生き生きとしている様子に初めて使ったのはシェイクスピア
elaborate on 詳しく話す
「labor(労働)をする」という意味から
interred 埋める、埋葬する
[親戚: enter(入る)]
remote 人里離れた、遠い
[語源: re(再び)+move(押しのける)→遠い] commended 讃える、託す
[親戚：recommend(推薦する)
6/10(水)の放送
Just as Air Travel Is Picking Up, U.K. Imposes a Quarantine
著者：Stephen Castle
(c) 2020 The New York Times Company
LONDON — When the coronavirus was spreading at breakneck speed this spring, Britain’s government flatly refused to quarantine travelers, even those arriving from virus hot spots like Spain or Iran.
On Monday, as most Western European countries and the United States were easing restrictions, the government introduced a plan requiring everyone entering the country to self-isolate for 14 days.
Prime Minister Boris Johnson’s belated change of heart over quarantines has enraged airlines, frustrated travelers and upset lawmakers fearful of the economic damage. Experts doubt that the quarantine measures can be enforced, and question why a nation with one of Europe’s worst infection rates should try now to deter international travel.
To the government’s critics, the new rule is just one of many examples of the mismanagement of the pandemic by Johnson: A procession of slipshod, overpromising proposals, usually behind the curve and driven more by politics than the science he routinely cites.
“This is at something of a piece with the way this crisis has been handled by the government,” said Anand Menon, a professor of European politics at King’s College London. “The reaction has tended to be late, and there is always an eye to the politics.”
Although most politicians and public health experts think that the quarantine has come so late as to be of little effect, it is thought to be popular with the working-class voters in northern England Johnson is hoping to court. Many of them voted for the Tories last December for the first time in their lives.
“It makes very little practical sense to have a blanket quarantine, let alone one that is very, very, hard to enforce,” Menon said. “The only question is whether it makes political sense.”
Under the new quarantine rules, people entering Britain by plane, train or ferry must fill out a form giving an address where they will self-isolate for two weeks, with fines of up to 1,000 pounds ($1,260) for breaches.
How thoroughly the scheme will be policed is far from clear.
But beyond that, those arriving in the country are not being given a temperature test — and are allowed to use public transport.
breakneck 猛烈な、危険な程
flatly 全面的に、例外なく
quarantine 隔離
belated 遅れた、遅ればせながらの
deter 阻止する、思いとどまらせる
blanket 包括的な、全体的な
thoroughly じっくり、徹底的に
policed 取り締まる
NFL Outlines Steps for Training Camp, but Without Union’s Approval
著者：Ken Belson
(c) 2020 The New York Times Company
The NFL has outlined the steps teams must take before players can return to training facilities, the latest attempt by the league to return to business as usual in an offseason that has largely been conducted virtually.
Yet while the league claimed the protocols were created in cooperation with the NFL Players Association, the union said it had not agreed to any guidelines. The union’s president, J.C. Tretter, told players on Twitter on Monday to “be wary of any updates or information about returning to work from the league or your team.” He invited players to contact him for “accurate updates as we push for the safest possible return to work.”
The dispute cast doubt on the lengthy memo sent to team executives, general managers, head coaches and trainers, which was dated Sunday. Executives and doctors from the league and the union have worked together during the coronavirus pandemic, but the disagreement suggested that the league had again tried to push faster than the union to bring the players back.
A spokesman for the NFL did not return a request for comment about the union’s position.
The memo included no date for when players could return. Training camps are, for now, scheduled to start in late July. But the league has said it will follow the guidelines that state and local authorities set for large gatherings and the opening of workplaces before giving teams the green light to invite players back. The league has also said that to maintain competitive balance, no team will be allowed to start training camp unless every team has been cleared to do so.
To prepare for training camps, the league said in the memo, teams must appoint an employee to oversee the return to work, which includes educating all employees on ways to reduce the risk of transmitting the coronavirus. The health protocols address access to team facilities; physical distancing inside locker rooms, weight rooms and other places; food and medical services; and cleaning. The memo also outlined procedures for screening employees for symptoms and instructions on what to do when a player or other employee tests positive for the virus.
Union 労働組合
Wary 慎重な、用心深い
Green light （計画などの）実行許可
Oversee 監督・監視する
Address 取り組ませる
Prohibited 禁止する
6/11(木)の放送
Twitter and Square Make Juneteenth a Company Holiday
著者：Neil Vigdor
(c) 2020 The New York Times Company
Twitter and Square on Tuesday designated Juneteenth, which celebrates the end of slavery in America, as a company holiday — the latest conciliatory overtures by major corporations since the widespread protests over police brutality and the death of George Floyd.
The initiative was announced on social media by Jack Dorsey, the chief executive and a founder of Twitter and Square, a mobile payment company. The announcement came on the same day as the funeral for Floyd, the black man who died last month after a Minneapolis police officer put his knee on his neck for nearly nine minutes.
Businesses large and small, from the National Football League to independent shops, have re-examined their policies and social responsibility to combat systemic racism in solidarity with the Black Lives Matter movement.
The holiday got its name by combining the words June and nineteenth. On June 19, 1865, Union soldiers landing in Galveston, Texas, told the slaves there that they were free and that the Civil War had ended — more than two years after Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation.
“Both Twitter and Square are making #Juneteenth (June 19th) a company holiday in the U.S., forevermore,” Dorsey wrote on Twitter. “A day for celebration, education, and connection.”
Forty-seven states recognize Juneteenth as a state holiday, but efforts to make it a national holiday have stalled in Congress. For many African Americans, it is considered an independence day.
Noliwe Rooks, an author and professor at Cornell University whose work explores race and gender, said in an email Tuesday that this year’s observance had added meaning.
“As a holiday, Juneteenth perfectly encapsulates this moment which is almost equal parts anger over the reminders of how little regard there has generally been for Black life, health and freedom, and the totally unexpected reality that fundamental change has come,” Rooks said. “Like a shock, change has come.”
Vox Media also made Juneteenth a company holiday, a Wall Street Journal reporter said Tuesday.
Twitter has come under intense scrutiny over its posting guidelines and drew the ire of President Donald Trump in late May when it appended a note to one of his tweets threatening to have some protesters shot.
conciliatory 融和的、和解的
overture 提案、申し入れ
emancipation 解放、解放された状態、自由
stall 行き詰まる
ire 怒り”
Trump Administration Revives Banned Hunting Techniques in Alaska
著者：Lisa Friedman
(c) 2020 The New York Times Company
WASHINGTON — Baiting grizzly bears with doughnuts soaked in bacon grease. Using spotlights to blind and shoot hibernating black bear mothers and their cubs in their dens. Gunning down swimming caribou from motorboats.
Hunting methods that for years were decried by wildlife protectors and finally banned as barbaric by the Obama administration will be legal again on millions of acres of Alaskan wilderness in time for the warm July weather.
The National Park Service policy published the new rules in the Federal Register on Tuesday, reversing Obama administration rules and giving trophy hunters, outfitters and Alaskans 30 days to prepare to return to national preserves in Alaska with the revived practices. Among the reinstated tactics: killing wolves and coyotes, including pups, during the season when mothers wean their young, and using dogs to hunt bears.
Expanding hunting rights on federal lands has been a priority under the Trump administration, and an issue championed by the president’s son, Donald Trump Jr., an avid hunter.
Hunting advocates and Alaska state leaders had opposed the Obama-era restrictions as an encroachment on states’ rights and an infringement on their livelihoods.
Eddie Grasser, director of wildlife conservation for Alaska Department of Fish and Game, said the tactics would be used sparingly, and mainly by subsistence hunters.
“Living off the land is a critical component of rural Alaska lifestyle, so those methods that people are upset about, and I understand why, and I understand the misconception, the fact is those are primarily methods that are used by subsistence users in the state of Alaska,” he said.
“The regular hunters in the state don’t hunt that way and neither do the residents that are coming in, especially ones that are guided,” he said.
Animal rights and wildlife protection groups condemned the rule as allowing inhumane trophy hunting of wild brown and black bears.
“This would allow extreme cruel killing methods on over 20 million acres of national preserves in Alaska,” said Laura Smythe, a staff attorney with the Humane Society of the United States.
In 2015, the Obama administration codified the Park Service’s role by enacting a rule that eliminated sport hunting and trapping on federal public lands in Alaska. The new rule says state hunting regulations should take priority over federal ones.
bait 餌でおびき寄せる
grease ベーコンなどの油
hibernate 冬眠する
cub キツネやトラ、クマなどの子ども
gun down 撃ち落とす
barbaric 野蛮な
reinstate 復活させる
wean 離乳させる
encroachment 侵害”
6/12(金)の放送
Amazon Pauses Police Use of Its Facial Recognition Software
著者：Karen Weise and Natasha Singer
(c) 2020 The New York Times Company
SEATTLE — Amazon said Wednesday it was putting a one-year pause on letting police use its facial recognition tool, in a major sign of the growing concerns that the technology may lead to unfair treatment of African Americans.
The technology giant did not explain its reasoning in its brief blog post about the change, but the move came amid the nationwide protests over racism and biased policing. Amazon’s technology had been criticized in the past for misidentifying people of color.
In its blog post, the company said it hoped the moratorium on its service, Rekognition, “might give Congress enough time to put in place appropriate rules” for the ethical use of facial recognition.
The announcement was a striking change for Amazon, a prominent supplier of facial recognition software to law enforcement. More than other big technology companies, Amazon has resisted calls to slow its deployment.
On Monday, IBM said it would stop selling facial recognition products, and last year, the leading maker of police body cameras banned the use of facial recognition on its products at the recommendation of its independent ethics board.
Law enforcement agencies and some companies use facial recognition technology to identify suspects and victims. The systems work by trying to match facial pattern data extracted from photos or video with those in databases like driver’s license records. Authorities used the technology to help identify the suspect in the mass shooting at an Annapolis, Maryland, newspaper last year.
But civil liberties groups have warned that the technology can be used at a distance to secretly identify individuals — such as protesters attending demonstrations — without their knowledge and consent.
For the past two years, the American Civil Liberties Union has led a campaign to push Amazon to stop selling the technology to local, state and federal law enforcement agencies. The group obtained documents, using open information laws, from police departments that showed how Amazon was aggressively marketing its technology to law enforcement.
Last fall, Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s chief executive, said the company was working to draft privacy legislation for facial recognition. But he indicated Amazon would continue selling the tools as a cloud computing service in the meantime.
technology giant 技術系の大手企業
tech giant とも呼ぶ
amid 〜の最中 middleのmidと同じ語源 moratorium 一時停止（会話ではあまり使われていない）
striking 印象的
authorities 権力者（特に「警察」を示すことが多い。例：call the authorities）
federal 連邦の（アメリカの「国の政府の」ものや仕組みを説明するときに使われることが多い）
Merriam-Webster Revises ‘Racism’ Entry After Missouri Woman Argues for Changes
著者：Christine Hauser
(c) 2020 The New York Times Company
Merriam-Webster is revising its entry on racism after intense lobbying by a recent college graduate in Missouri inspired by the protests and debates about what it means to be racist.
Currently, the dictionary’s entry contains three sections. The first defines racism as “a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race.”
The second calls it a “doctrine or political program based on the assumption of racism and designed to execute its principles” and “a political or social system founded on racism.” The third section refers to “racial prejudice or discrimination.”
Peter Sokolowski, an editor at large at Merriam-Webster, said Wednesday that editors were working to revise the online entry for racism after the recent graduate, Kennedy Mitchum, wrote a series of emails stating her case.
“This entry has not been revised in decades,” he said, adding that it was not a new division of the word’s meanings, “but an improvement of the wording.”
As a student at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa, Mitchum had noticed in discussions about racism that white people sometimes defended their arguments by cutting and pasting the definition from the dictionary.
So in late May, as protests against racism and police violence grew, Mitchum, 22, wrote to the editors at Merriam-Webster to argue that the entry should be revised to better reflect how systemic racism was in society.
Alex Chambers, an editor at the dictionary, said that they revise definitions or add new ones “when we see large-scale changes happening in the language.”
After several exchanges, Chambers confirmed that the dictionary would revise the entry after the editorial staff discussed it.
Sokolowski said the revision will sharpen the language in the second section to better illustrate the ways racism can be systemic, and to include some examples. The point, he said, was to make the entry’s wording less “opaque.”
“People are looking up this word every single day,” Sokolowski said. “These are words that are very abstract, and therefore as ideas are very hard to put into words and that is one reason people go to the dictionary.”
determinant 決定要因
determine 決める／断ずる
-ant 名詞を示す接尾辞
capacities 容量／才能
doctrine 教義／主義（会話ではあまり使われていない）
systemic racism 系統的な人種差別
sharpen はっきりにする／明確にする
